This standard specifies the design principles, design conditions, design requirements, material requirements, tower manufacturing, weld non-destructive testing, surface anti-corrosion treatment, accessory fabrication and installation, completion data and accompanying documents, marking, packaging, storage, transport and other requirements on tower of wind turbine generator system.
This standard is applicable to the design, manufacturing and acceptance of steel tubular towers of horizontal-axis wind turbine generator system with an area swept by the wind wheel equal to or greater than 200 m2 (hereinafter referred to as towers). It may serve as a reference for other types of towers of wind turbine generator system.
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) to, or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply. However, all parties coming to an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest editions apply.
GB/T 470 Zinc Ingot (GB/T 470-2008, ISO 752: 2004, MOD)
GB/T 700 Carbon Structural Steels (GB/T 700-2006, ISO 630: 1995, NEQ)
GB/T 709 Dimensions, Shape, Weight and Tolerances for Hot-rolled Steel Plates and Sheets (GB/T 709-2006, ISO 7452: 2002, ISO 16160: 2000, NEQ )
GB/T 985.1 Recommended Joint Preparation for Gas Welding, Manual Metal Arc Welding, Gas-shield Arc Welding and Beam Welding (GB/T 985.1-2008, ISO 9692-1: 2003, MOD)
GB/T 985.2 Recommended Joint Preparation for Submerged Arc Welding (GB/T 985.2-2008, ISO 9692-2: 1998, MOD )
GB/T 1228 High Strength Bolts with Large Hexagon Head for Steel Structures (GB/T 1228-2006, ISO 7412: 1984, NEQ)
GB/T 1229 High Strength Large Hexagon Nuts for Steel Structures (GB/T 1229-2006, ISO 4775: 1984, NEQ)
GB/T 1230 High Strength Plain Washers for Steel Structures (GB/T 1230-2006, ISO 7416: 1984, NEQ)
GB/T 1231 Specifications of High Strength Bolts with Large Hexagon Head, Large Hexagon Nuts, Plain Washers for Steel Structures
GB/T 1591 High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels
GB/T 1720 Method of Test for Adhesion of Paint Films
GB/T 2970 Method for Ultrasonic Testing of Thicker Steel Plates
GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Bolts, Screws and Studs (GB/T 3098.1-2000, ISO 898-1: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts - Coarse Thread (GB/T 3098. 2-2000, ISO 898-2: 1992, IDT)
GB/T 3274 Hot-rolled Plates and Strips of Carbon Structural Steels and High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels (GB/T 3274-2007, ISO 13976: 2005, ISO 630: 1995, NEQ )
GB/T 5117 Carbon Steel Covered Electrodes
GB/T 5118 Low Alloy Steel Electrodes
GB/T 5293 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxs for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 5313 Steel Plates with Through-thickness Characteristics (GB/T 5313-1985, eqv ISO 7778: 1983)
GB/T 5782 Hexagon Head Bolts (GB/T 5782-2000, ISO 4014: 1999, EQV)
GB/T 8110 Welding Wires for Gas Shielding Arc Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
GB/T 8923 Rust Grades and Preparation Grades of Steel Surfaces before Application of Paints and Related Products (GB/T 8923-1988, eqv ISO 8501-1: 1988)
GB/T 9286 Paints and Varnishes - Cross Cut Test for Films (GB/T 9286-1998, eqv ISO 2409: 1992)
GB/T 9445 Non-destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of Personnel (GB/T 9445-2008, ISO 9712: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 12470 Fluxes for the Submerged Arc Welding of Low Alloy Steel
GB/T 13306 Plates
GB/T 14977 General Requirement for Surface Condition of Hot-rolled Steel Plates
GB 18451.1-2001 Wind Turbine Generator Systems - Safety Requirements (IEC 61400-1: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 19804 Welding - General Tolerances for Welded Constructions - Dimensions for Lengths and Angles - Shape and Position (GB/T 19804-2005, ISO 13920: 1996, IDT)
JB 4708 Welding Procedure Qualification for Steel Pressure Vessels
JB/T 4709 Welding Specification for Steel Pressure Vessels
JB/T 4730.3 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic Testing
JB/T 4730.4 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 4: Magnetic Particle Testing
JB/T 4730. 5 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 5: Penetrant Testing
JB/T 10045.3 Thermal Cutting - Quality and Dimensional Deviation in the Gas Cutting
ISO 12944-5 Paints and Varnishes - Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures By Protective Paint Systems - Part 5: Protective Paint Systems
3 Design Principles
3.1 The tower shall support the wind wheel and engine room (including the generator and drive system and other components) stably and safely in the case of all design loads.
3.2 The tower shall have sufficient strength to withstand static and dynamic loads acting on the wind wheel, engine room and tower so as to live up to the design lifetime of the wind turbine generator system
3.3 The natural frequency and damping property of the tower (in complete machine state) shall be determined by calculation analysis or experiments; in addition, resonance calculation analysis shall be made so that the natural frequency will be kept away from the rotational frequency of the wind wheel and the blade passing frequency.
3.4 The local safety factor of loads and that of materials shall be determined according to the safety grade and important local safety factor shall be selected according to the failure consequence.
3.5 The impact of external conditions on the safety and integrity of the tower shall be reduced via tower design, choice of materials and protective measures.
3.6 The lightning-protection earthing requirements shall be taken into consideration for the tower design.
