1.0.1 This code was formulated with a view to implementing the "Law of The People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation" and the "Regulations on the Implementation of the Law of The People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation", and also standardizing the water and soil conservation monitoring and ensuring the scientificity and systematicness of monitoring achievements according to those specified in the "Administrative Measures for Monitoring Network of Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Environment", based on the comprehensive summing up of water and soil loss and its control, supervision and monitoring works and in accordance with the current situation, characteristics and development requirements of water and soil conservation monitoring work.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the monitoring on water and soil loss caused by natural factors and human activities as well as on its control effects.
1.0.3 The water and soil conservation monitoring principles shall meet the following requirements:
1 The combination of macroscopic monitoring and microcosmic monitoring;
2 The combination of continuous locating observation, periodical general survey and temporary monitoring;
3 The combination of conventional methods and modern advanced techniques;
4 Making the best of the existing hydrological, sediment, water and soil conservation observation data and the correlation techniques.
1.0.4 In the water and soil conservation monitoring work, in addition to this code, the provisions of current relevant standards of the State still shall be met.
2 Monitoring Station Network
2.1 Responsibilities and Tasks of Monitoring Station Network
2.1.1 The water and soil conservation monitoring network means the national water and soil conservation monitoring center, the water and soil conservation monitoring centers of great river watersheds, the water and soil conservation monitoring master stations of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) as well as the water and soil conservation monitoring substations and points of the key control areas of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).
2.1.2 The main responsibilities of the provincial level or above water and soil conservation monitoring organizations: Prepare the water and soil conservation monitoring plan and implementation plan, establish the water and soil conservation monitoring information network, undertake and complete the water and soil conservation monitoring tasks, be responsible for the technical guide and quality assurance of monitoring work, be responsible for summarizing and managing the monitoring data, conducting assessment and quality certification on the monitoring achievements of inferior organizations, timely mastering and forecasting the water and soil loss and its control trends, and preparing the water and soil conservation monitoring report.
The division of responsibilities of monitoring organizations at all levels shall meet the following requirements:
1 The national water and soil conservation monitoring center shall conduct specific management on the water and soil conservation monitoring work all over the country. It shall be responsible for drafting the technical standards and codes for monitoring, organizing the water and soil conservation monitoring nationwide and on key regions and significant development and construction projects, and also be responsible for the quality and technical certification of monitoring instruments and equipments, and undertaking the assessment and verification work of the organizations declaring the water and soil conservation monitoring qualification.
2 The water and soil conservation monitoring central stations of great river watersheds shall participate in the national water and soil conservation monitoring, management and coordination works, shall be responsible for organizing and developing the water and soil conservation monitoring works on the large scale engineering projects and the development and construction projects having relatively big influence on the ecological environment that are in the watershed.
3 The provincial water and soil conservation monitoring master station shall be responsible for management of monitoring substations and points within its administrative area, and shall undertake the monitoring work of the water and soil loss and its control of the national- and provincial-level development and construction projects.
2.1.3 Tasks of the key control area monitoring substations of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are: Conduct monitoring on the dynamic variations in water and soil conservation included in the national- and provincial-level key water and soil loss control areas, summarize and manage the monitoring data, and prepare the monitoring report.
2.1.4 The monitoring substations shall be arranged in accordance with the water and soil loss type area and its key control area as well as the demand of water and soil conservation work. The monitoring substations of the province (autonomous region and municipality)-cross areas of the same type shall be planned integrally and arranged reasonably.
2.1.5 The relevant monitoring points shall be arranged in accordance with the water and soil conservation monitoring network plan of province (autonomous region and municipality) and the demand of monitoring work, and in combination with the distribution conditions of key control areas of the whole country and province (autonomous region and municipality). The water and soil conservation monitoring points shall regularly collect, reorganize (compile) and provide the monitoring data on water and soil loss and on its control trends, and the monitoring points are divided into routine monitoring point and temporary monitoring point in accordance with the purpose and function of monitoring.
1 The routine monitoring point is the long-term fixed-point stationary monitoring point, which mainly monitor the water and soil loss and its impact factor as well as the quantity, quality and effect of water and soil conservation measures. In the Grade 2 Type Area of soil erosion zoned nationwide, at least one routine monitoring point shall be set, and the plots and control stations shall be arranged comprehensively.
2 The temporary monitoring point is set for some specific monitor tasks, and the arrangement of its sampling points and sampling sections as well as the monitoring contents and frequency shall be determined according to the monitoring task. The temporary monitoring points shall include the water and soil conservation monitoring points of development and construction projects, the monitoring points of collapse, landslide, debris flow and sand storm, as well as other temporarily added monitoring points.
2.1.6 Before setting up the water and soil conservation monitoring point, the relevant basic information shall be surveyed and collected, including the geology, landform, soil, vegetation cover, rainfall and other natural conditions; the conditions of population, land utilization, production pattern and social economy; the type, intensity, hazard and distribution of water and soil loss; the quantity, distribution and effect of water and soil conservation measures, etc.
