This part of GB/T 231 specifies the principle, symbols and definitions, apparatus, test piece, procedure, uncertainty of the results and test report for Brinell hardness test of metallic materials.
This part is applicable to both fixed location and portable hardness testing machines. Brinell hardness test of special materials or products may be conducted by reference to GB/T 9097 and this part.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 231.2-2012 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (GB/T 231.2-2012, ISO 6506-2: 2005, MOD)
GB/T 231.3 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (GB/T 231.3-2012, ISO 6506-3: 2005, MOD)
GB/T 231.4 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 4: Tables of hardness values (GB/T 231.4-2009, ISO 6506-4: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 9097 Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals - Determination of apparent hardness and microhardness (GB/T 9097-2016, ISO 4498: 2010, IDT)
JJG 150 The Metallic Brinell Hardness Testing Machines
3 Principle
3.1 An indenter (tungsten carbide alloy indenter with diameter, D) is forced into the surface of a test piece and, after removal of the force, F, the diameter of the indentation, d, left in the surface is measured.
3.2 The Brinell hardness is proportional to the quotient obtained by dividing the test force by the curved surface area of the indentation. The indentation is assumed to take the shape of the unloaded ball indenter, and its surface area is calculated from the mean indentation diameter and the ball diameter, using the formula given in Table 1.
GB/T 231.1-2018 The following standards are cited：
